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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History of electroconvulsive therapy in the United Kingdom ： ウィキペディア英語版 History of electroconvulsive therapy in the United Kingdom Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT, in the past sometimes called electric convulsion therapy, convulsion treatment or electroplexy) is a controversial psychiatric treatment in which seizures are induced with electricity.〔Carney S and Geddes J (2003) Editorial: electroconvulsive therapy. ''British Medical Journal'' 326: 1343-4.〕 ECT was first used in the United Kingdom in 1939 and, although its use has been declining for several decades, it was still given to about 11,000 people a year in the early 2000s.〔Electroconvulsive therapy: survey covering the period from January 2002 to March 2002, ''Statistical Bulletin 2003/08''. Department of Health.〕 In contemporary psychiatric practice, ECT is used mainly in the treatment of depression. It is occasionally used in the treatment of other disorders such as schizophrenia.〔 When undergoing modern ECT, a patient is given an anaesthetic and a muscle relaxant. A brief-pulse electric current of about 800 milliamperes is passed between two electrodes on the head for several seconds, causing a seizure.〔Lock T (1995) Appendix VI: review of ECT machines. In C Freeman (ed) ''The ECT Handbook''. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists.〕 The resulting convulsion is modified by the muscle relaxant. ECT is usually given on an inpatient basis; about one in five treatments are given on an outpatient basis.〔 Treatment is usually given twice a week (occasionally three times a week) for a total of 6–12 treatments, although courses may be longer or shorter.〔 About 70 per cent of ECT patients are women.〔 About 1,500 ECT patients a year in the UK are treated without their consent under the Mental Health Acts or the provisions of common law.〔Care Quality Commission 2010 (''Monitoring the use of the Mental Health Act in 2009/10'' ): 89–93〕 ==Early years: 1938-1969== ECT was invented in Italy in 1938. In 1939 it was brought to England and replaced cardiazol (metrazol) as the preferred method of inducing seizures in convulsion therapy in British mental hospitals. Although soon established as especially useful in the treatment of depression, it was also used on people with a wide variety of mental disorders. There was large variation in the amount of ECT used between different hospitals. As well as being used therapeutically, ECT was used to control the behaviour of patients. Originally given in unmodified form (without anaesthetics and muscle relaxants) hospitals gradually switched to using modified ECT, a process that was accelerated by a famous legal case. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of electroconvulsive therapy in the United Kingdom」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.